Posted: Sep 09, 2011 - 11:21 PM
There was a thread on this (GPS Speed) a few months back. I stated that GPS "max speed" could be several mph off. Others opinions differed. This question intrigued me, as the GPS manuals say very little about errors. They will all state they are accurate to "X" feet, but this is POTENTIAL accuracy, they tend to skip over what percentage of readings attain this value. If you believe they are always locked in the groove, just lay the unit down, then select "present position." Watch the numbers dance as it thinks it is here, no wait, abit over there, oops maybe I'm further south than that.
In HongKong, early July, I took my Garmin with me, & started walking down the seawall. I tried to walk a pretty constant speed. With a couple of button clicks, I can reset "max speed".
I walk about 5 k/hr(3 mph) I stopped counting after 45 resets, but in every case the GPS would show 8-9 k/hr , appx 6 mph as max speed, an error of nearly 100%.
The fault lies in how GPS calculates speed. The iteration rate is not 10 times/second. Also the GPS has a position error. It thinks you are at point "X", then a few seconds later thinks you are at point "Y", so to cover that distance in that time, you had to be going "z" speed.
The faster you are going, the more accurate it becomes. If I get on my bike, & leisurely pedal at appx 15 mph, the error seems to drop to only 1-2 mph, & in my car at hiway speed it seems to be perhaps 1 mph.
This is why all speed records are established from a sustained speed over a distance, say 100-500 meters. A radar gun is more accurate at instantaneous speed than GPS because it uses the speed of light (3x10 to the eigth power) as its basis for calculation. The error is very small.
If you can hold onto a speed for 20-30 seconds, the GPS will also be very accurate. If you sail at 15 kts, then accelerate to 20, & hold it for 10 seconds, the reading will be very accurate. However, the "max speed" shown may have only been calculated over 1 iteration, & that can be out a couple mph. Consumer units, as far as I'm aware cannot break your data down into milli second intervals that have been measured, that sort of accuracy would mean an iteration rate of 1000 X per second, & battery life would be so short the units would not sell.
Don't get me wrong, they are accurate. If you can get 20 seond legs that show 20 mph, you are doing that speed. BUT, if you can only log 18 mph on a regular basis,no matter what the wind, then one day you see you were doing 19, with a max speed of 23, it is probably not fair to brag that you Cat does 23. If you actually attained 23, for a millisecond or two, is it fair to say "my Cat will do 23".
In reality most people cannot tell the difference between 19 & 20 on the water, so the argument is academic at best.
It always reminds me of a module we did in University physics, the Science of Hi Fi. In those days,(Lp 33 1/3 RPM vinyl) turntables were advertised as being "accurate to within 1/1000 of an RPM, & amps bragged about being Class B push pull @ .0015% Total harmonic distortion (THD), in order to give you a "true sound experience". Of course this was at a premium price. In test after test we proved that human ears, working in analog, could not distinguish between several full percentage points of THD, or a full rpm error, & all amps were push/pull.
If you can occasionaly get 20mph out of a 30 yr old cat, be happy, & don't bet the boat that it will go 23. You might run into a scientist, & be looking for a new ride.
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